English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The early events in staphylococcal alpha-toxin action on mouse adrenocortical (Y1) tumor cells were studied. Cell-bound toxin could be partially neutralized by anti-alpha-toxin and inactivated by trypsin added within 10 min at 37 degrees C after the end of the binding step. Likewise, cell-bound toxin was capable of lysing rabbit erythrocytes (RRBC) added to the cells within 10 min after binding at 37 degrees C. After this time, the Y1 cells could not be rescued from intoxication by antibodies or trypsin, and the toxin was not accessible for lysis of RRBC. However, at 0 to 4 degrees C, the cell-bound toxin remained accessible to antibodies for at least 4 h. CaCl2 (30 mM) did not affect binding of the toxin to Y1 cells but completely prevented the intoxication if added within 10 min at 37 degrees C after the end of the binding step. The intoxication was independent of metabolic energy, active receptor clustering on the cell surface, and endocytosis of the toxin. Therefore, alpha-toxin interacted with the Y1 cell membrane in at least three separable steps: binding, a conformational change at the cell surface, and membrane damage. These early events appear to be similar to those occurring on RRBC treated with alpha-toxin.

Early events in the action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on the plasma membrane of adrenocortical Y1 tumor cells