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The following three criteria indicated thatBacillus subtilis A spores were injured, but not completely inactivated, by ultrahigh temperature treatment. (i) Significant reductions in survivors were observed when spores were enumerated with a standard medium but not when the medium contained added CaCl2 and sodium dipicolinate. (ii) After a damaging heat treatment, more survivors were enumerated with the standard medium after incubation at 32 C than at 45 C, which was opposite to the result with untreated or slightly heated spores. (iii) Apparent numbers of survivors increased during the initial period of 3 C storage when enumerated with the standard medium at 45 C. No injury was evident when survivors were enumerated at either incubation temperature with the medium containing added CaCl2 and sodium dipicolinate. Heat activation of the spores did not significantly influence the appearance of heat injury. The data suggested that the heat injury occurred in a germination system which was required in the absence of CaCl2 and sodium dipicolinate.

Heat Injury of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures