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The ruminal bacteriumButyrivibrio fibrisolvens is being engineered by the introduction of heterologous xylanase genes in an attempt to improve the utilization of plant material in ruminants. However, relatively little is known about the diversity and distribution of the native xylanase genes in strains ofB. fibrisolvens . In order to identify the most appropriate hosts for such modifications, the xylanase genotypes of 28 strains from the three 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) subgroups ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvens have been investigated. Only 4 of the 20 strains from 16S rDNA group 2 contained homologues of the strain Bu49xynA gene. However, these fourxynA -containing strains, and two other group 2 strains, contained members of a second xylanase gene family clearly related toxynA (subfamily I). Homologues ofxynB , a second previously described xylanase gene fromB. fibrisolvens , were identified only in three of the seven group 1 strains and not in the group 2 and 3 strains. However, six of the group 1 strains contained one or more members of the two subfamilies of homologues ofxynA . The distribution of genes and the nucleotide sequence relationships between the members of the twoxynA subfamilies are consistent with the progenitor of all strains ofB. fibrisolvens having contained axynA subfamily I gene. Since many xylanolytic strains ofB. fibrisolvens did not contain members of either of thexynA subfamilies or of thexynB family, at least one additional xylanase gene family remains to be identified inB. fibrisolvens .

Distribution and Evolution of the Xylanase Genes xynA and xynB and Their Homologues in Strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens