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Pairing of fermions lies at the heart of superconductivity, the hierarchy ofnuclear binding energies and superfluidity of neutron stars. The Hubbard modelof attractively interacting fermions provides a paradigmatic setting forfermion pairing, featuring a crossover between Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)of tightly bound pairs and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluidity oflong-range Cooper pairs, and a "pseudo-gap" region where pairs form alreadyabove the superfluid critical temperature. We here directly observe thenon-local nature of fermion pairing in a Hubbard lattice gas, employing spin-and density-resolved imaging of $\sim$1000 fermionic ${}^{40}$K atoms under abilayer microscope. Complete fermion pairing is revealed by the vanishing ofglobal spin fluctuations with increasing attraction. In the strongly correlatedregime, the fermion pair size is found to be on the order of the averageinterparticle spacing. We resolve polaronic correlations around individualspins, resulting from the interplay of non-local pair fluctuations andcharge-density-wave order. Our techniques open the door toward in-situobservation of fermionic superfluids in a Hubbard lattice gas.

Direct observation of non-local fermion pairing in an attractive Fermi-Hubbard gas