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Fine-tuned ion transport across nanoscale pores is key to many biologicalprocesses such as neurotransmission. Recent advances have enabled theconfinement of water and ions to two dimensions, unveiling transport propertiesunreachable at larger scales and triggering hopes to reproduce the ionicmachinery of biological systems. Here we report experiments demonstrating theemergence of memory in the transport of aqueous electrolytes across(sub)nanoscale channels. We unveiled two types of nanofluidic memristors,depending on channel material and confinement, with memory from minutes tohours. We explained how large timescales could emerge from interfacialprocesses like ionic self-assembly or surface adsorption. Such behavior allowedus to implement Hebbian learning with nanofluidic systems. This result lays theground for biomimetic computations on aqueous electrolytic chips.

Long-term memory and synapse-like dynamics in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels