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Arrays of optically trapped nanoparticles have emerged as a promisingplatform for the study of complex non-equilibrium phenomena. Analogous toatomic many-body systems, one of the crucial ingredients is the ability toprecisely control the interactions between particles. However, the opticalinteractions studied thus far only provide conservative optical binding forcesof limited tunability. Here we demonstrate a coupling mechanism that is ordersof magnitude stronger and has new qualitative features. These effects arisefrom the previously unexplored phase coherence between the optical fields thatdrive the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction. In addition, polarizationcontrol allows us to observe electrostatic coupling between charged particlesin the array. Our results pave the way for a fully programmable many-bodysystem of interacting nanoparticles with tunable dissipative and nonreciprocalinteractions, which are instrumental for exploring entanglement and topologicalphases in arrays of levitated nanoparticles.

Observation of strong and tunable light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between optically levitated nanoparticles