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A new variant of the pencil‐beam (PB) algorithm for dose distribution calculation for radiotherapy with protons and heavier ions, the grid‐dose spreading (GDS) algorithm, is proposed. The GDS algorithm is intrinsically faster than conventional PB algorithms due to approximations in convolution integral, where physical calculations are decoupled from simple grid‐to‐grid energy transfer. It was effortlessly implemented to a carbon‐ion radiotherapy treatment planning system to enable realistic beam blurring in the field, which was absent with the broad‐beam (BB) algorithm. For a typical prostate treatment, the slowing factor of the GDS algorithm relative to the BB algorithm was 1.4, which is a great improvement over the conventional PB algorithms with a typical slowing factor of several tens. The GDS algorithm is mathematically equivalent to the PB algorithm for horizontal and vertical coplanar beams commonly used in carbon‐ion radiotherapy while dose deformation within the size of the pristine spread occurs for angled beams, which was within 3 mm for a single 150‐MeV proton pencil beam of    30  °    incidence, and needs to be assessed against the clinical requirements and tolerances in practical situations.

The grid‐dose‐spreading algorithm for dose distribution calculation in heavy charged particle radiotherapy