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Summary  The flowers of most dicotyledons have petals that, together with the sepals, initially protect the reproductive organs. Later during development petals are required to open the flower and to attract pollinators. This diverse set of functions demands tight temporal and spatial regulation of petal development. We studied the functioning of the  Arabidopsis thaliana  TCP 5 ‐like transcription factors ( TF s) in petals. Overexpression of   TCP 5  in petal epidermal cells results in smaller petals, whereas  tcp5 tcp13 tcp17  triple knockout lines have wider petals with an increased surface area. Comprehensive expression studies revealed effects of   TCP 5 ‐like  TF s on the expression of genes related to the cell cycle, growth regulation and organ growth. Additionally, the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate ( ACC ) synthase 2 (  ACS 2 ) and  ACC  oxidase 2 (  ACO 2 ) and several  ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS  (  ERF  s) are found to be differentially expressed in   TCP 5  mutant and overexpression lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative  PCR  showed direct binding of  TCP 5 to the   ACS 2  locus  in vivo . Ethylene is known to influence cell elongation, and the petal phenotype of the  tcp5 tcp13 tcp17  mutant could be complemented by treatment of the plants with an ethylene pathway inhibitor. Taken together, this reveals a novel role for  TCP 5‐like  TF s in the regulation of ethylene‐mediated petal development and growth.

Novel functions of the Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP 5 in petal development and ethylene biosynthesis