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Hepatitis E virus strains infecting Swedish domestic pigs are unique for each pig farm and remain in the farm for at least 2 years
Author(s) -
Wang Hao,
Karlsson Marie,
Lindberg Maria,
Nyström Kristina,
Norder Heléne
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
transboundary and emerging diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.392
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1865-1682
pISSN - 1865-1674
DOI - 10.1111/tbed.13153
Subject(s) - hepatitis e virus , biology , pig farming , feces , veterinary medicine , domestic pig , genotype , outbreak , wild boar , virology , biosecurity , animal production , zoology , microbiology and biotechnology , geography , medicine , gene , ecology , biochemistry , forestry
Hepatitis E virus ( HEV ) genotype 3 ( HEV 3) is distributed globally and infects both humans and animals, mainly domestic pigs and wild boars, which are the major reservoirs. In this study, the prevalence of HEV among Swedish pigs was investigated by HEV RNA analysis in 363 faecal samples from 3‐month‐old piglets sampled twice (2013 and 2014) in 30 Swedish pig farms. Four different types of farms were investigated; organic, conventional closed (keeping the sow), satellites in a sow pool (conventional farms sharing sows) and conventional non‐closed farms (purchasing gilts). More than two‐thirds (77%) of the farms had HEV ‐infected pigs. HEV RNA was found in faeces from 79 pigs (22%). Partial ORF 1 could be sequenced in 46 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a unique HEV 3 strain for each farm. Strains sampled more than a year apart from the same farm were closely related, indicating that the same HEV strain is present for several years on the farm. Despite that only 4% of the Swedish pig farms were investigated, two farms had strains similar to those from humans, another had strains similar to wild boar HEV . The uniqueness of strains from each farm indicates a possibility to identify a source of infection down to farm level. This knowledge may be used by the farms to investigate the effectiveness of good hygiene routines to reduce the amount of HEV and thus the infection risk in the farm, and for Swedish public health authorities to identify cases of HEV transmissions from consumption of uncooked pork.