English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Background/purpose  The superficial layer on the skin surface, known as the acid mantle, comprises a mixture of sebum, sweat, corneocyte debris and constituents of natural moisturizing factor. Thus, the phrase ‘residual skin surface components’ ( RSSC ) is an appropriate term for the mixture of substances recovered from the skin surface. There is no general agreement about the effects of ethnicity, gender and age on  RSSC . The aim of this human volunteer study was to evaluate  RSSC  in relation to ethnicity, gender and age. A suitable acquisition medium for  RSSC  collection was identified and samples of  RSSC  were subsequently analysed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry ( GC ‐ MS ) and gravimetry.    Methods  A total of 315 volunteers participated in the study from a range of self‐declared ethnic backgrounds. Six acquisition media were compared to determine the most suitable media for  RSSC  collection. The effect of age, gender and ethnicity on  RSSC  collection was evaluated by gravimetric analysis while  GC ‐ MS  was used to determine the composition of  RSSC .    Results  Of the six candidate materials assessed, cigarette paper provided the most practical and reproducible sample acquisition medium.  T here was no significant difference in the amount of  RSSC  collected when based on gender and ethnicity and no significant correlation between  RSSC  recovery and age. Up to 49 compounds were detected from human  RSSC  when analysed by  GC ‐ MS .    Conclusions  The results of the present study suggest that  RSSC  can be effectively collected using cigarette paper and analysed by  GC ‐ MS . Ethnicity, gender and age had no significant impact on the quantity of  RSSC  recovered from the skin surface.

Effect of ethnicity, gender and age on the amount and composition of residual skin surface components derived from sebum, sweat and epidermal lipids