Premium
Paradigm shift in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral cancer and other cancers focused on the oralome and antimicrobial‐based therapeutics
Author(s) -
Radaic Allan,
Ganther Sean,
Kamarajan Pachiyappan,
Grandis Jennifer,
Yom Sue S.,
Kapila Yvonne L.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
periodontology 2000
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.725
H-Index - 122
eISSN - 1600-0757
pISSN - 0906-6713
DOI - 10.1111/prd.12388
Subject(s) - dysbiosis , medicine , cancer , oral microbiome , microbiome , periodontitis , pathogenesis , antimicrobial , carcinogenesis , immunology , bioinformatics , gut flora , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
The oral microbiome is a community of microorganisms, comprised of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa, that form a complex ecosystem within the oral cavity. Although minor perturbations in the environment are frequent and compensable, major shifts in the oral microbiome can promote an unbalanced state, known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can promote oral diseases, including periodontitis. In addition, oral dysbiosis has been associated with other systemic diseases, including cancer. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiologic evidence linking periodontitis to oral, gastrointestinal, lung, breast, prostate, and uterine cancers, as well as describe new evidence and insights into the role of oral dysbiosis in the etiology and pathogenesis of the cancer types discussed. Finally, we discuss how antimicrobials, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics may be promising tools to prevent and treat these cancers, targeting both the microbes and associated carcinogenesis processes. These findings represent a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer focused on the oral microbiome and antimicrobial‐based therapies.