English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by soil‐borne microorganisms and play crucial roles in fungal interactions with plants and phytopathogens. Although VOCs have been characterized in  Trichoderma  spp., the mechanisms against phytopathogens strongly differ according to the strain and pathosystem. This study aimed at characterizing VOCs produced by three  Trichoderma  strains used as biofungicides and to investigate their effects against grapevine downy mildew (caused by  Plasmopara viticola ). A VOC‐mediated reduction of downy mildew severity was found in leaf disks treated with  Trichoderma asperellum  T34 (T34),  T. harzianum  T39 (T39), and  T. atroviride  SC1 (SC1) and 31 compounds were detected by head space‐solid phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among the  Trichoderma  VOCs annotated, α‐farnesene, cadinene, 1,3‐octadiene, 2‐pentylfuran, and 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one reduced downy mildew severity on grapevine leaf disks. In particular, 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one and 2‐pentylfuran increased the accumulation of callose and enhanced the modulation of defense‐related genes after  P. viticola  inoculation, indicating an induction of grapevine defense mechanisms. Moreover, 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one activated the hypersensitive response after  P. viticola  inoculation, possibly to reinforce the grapevine defense reaction. These results indicate that  Trichoderma  VOCs can induce grapevine resistance, and these molecules could be further applied to control grapevine downy mildew.

Trichoderma spp. volatile organic compounds protect grapevine plants by activating defense‐related processes against downy mildew