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Summary  The patients with false immune diagnosis of hydatid disease were investigated for the humoural immune response to analyse the possible reasons and mechanism leading to false immune diagnosis. Two hundred and thirty‐nine patients with nature‐unknown cysts and 30 healthy controls were detected by immunological assays (four hydatid antigen‐based immunogold filtration assay and enzyme‐linked immune absorbent assay) and ultrasound. Sensitivity of and specificity of immunological assay and ultrasound were calculated, respectively. The serological diagnosis was compared with surgical pathology to screen the patients with false immune diagnosis for the immunoglobulin measurement and pathological analysis. The history and cyst characteristics were also reviewed. The results indicate the immunoglobulin has little influence on false immunodiagnosis. The false‐negative immunodiagnosis was caused by the cysts' inactive status while the false positive caused by previous rupture, antigen cross‐reaction. The clinical diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis requires a combination of immunodiagnosis and ultrasonography, which is the necessary complementary confirmation.

Humoural immune response and pathological analysis in patients with false immune diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis