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Under osmotic stress conditions such as drought and high salinity, the plant hormone abscisic acid ( ABA ) plays important roles in stress‐responsive gene expression mainly through three  bZIP  transcription factors,  AREB1 / ABF2 ,  AREB2 / ABF4  and  ABF3 , which are activated by  SNF1 ‐related kinase 2s ( SnRK2s ) such as  SRK2D / SnRK2 .2,  SRK2E / SnRK2 .6 and  SRK2I / SnRK2.3  ( SRK2D/E/I ). However, since the three  AREB / ABFs  are crucial, but not exclusive, for the  SnRK2 ‐mediated gene expression, transcriptional pathways governed by  SRK2D/E/I  are not fully understood. Here, we show that a  bZIP  transcription factor,  ABF1 , is a functional homolog of  AREB1 ,  AREB2  and  ABF3  in  ABA ‐dependent gene expression in  Arabidopsis . Despite lower expression levels of   ABF1   than those of the three   AREB   /   ABF s , the  areb1 areb2 abf3 abf1  mutant plants displayed increased sensitivity to drought and decreased sensitivity to  ABA  in primary root growth compared with the  areb1 areb2 abf3  mutant. Genome‐wide transcriptome analyses revealed that expression of downstream genes of  SRK2D/E/I , which include many genes functioning in osmotic stress responses and tolerance such as transcription factors and  LEA  proteins, was mostly impaired in the quadruple mutant. Thus, these results indicate that the four  AREB / ABFs  are the predominant transcription factors downstream of  SRK2D/E/I  in  ABA  signalling in response to osmotic stress during vegetative growth.

plant, cell and environment

Four   A   rabidopsis   AREB / ABF  transcription factors function predominantly in gene expression downstream of  SnRK2  kinases in abscisic acid signalling in response to osmotic stress