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Summary  The role of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs), is well established in ABA signalling and plant drought response, but limited research has explored the regulation of wheat PYLs in this process, especially the effects of their allelic variations on drought tolerance or grain yield. Here, we found that the overexpression of a TaABFs‐regulated  PYL  gene,  TaPYL1‐1B , exhibited higher ABA sensitivity, photosynthetic capacity and water‐use efficiency (WUE), all contributed to higher drought tolerance than that of wild‐type plants. This heightened water‐saving mechanism further increased grain yield and protected productivity during water deficit. Candidate gene association analysis revealed that a favourable allele  TaPYL1‐1B  In‐442 , carrying an MYB recognition site insertion in the promoter, is targeted by TaMYB70 and confers enhanced expression of  TaPYL1‐1B  in drought‐tolerant genotypes. More importantly, an increase in frequency of the  TaPYL1‐1B  In‐442  allele over decades among modern Chinese cultivars and its association with high thousand‐kernel weight together demonstrated that it was artificially selected during wheat improvement efforts. Taken together, our findings illuminate the role of  TaPYL1‐1B  plays in coordinating drought tolerance and grain yield. In particular, the allelic variant  TaPYL1‐1B  In‐442  substantially contributes to enhanced drought tolerance while maintaining high yield, and thus represents a valuable genetic target for engineering drought‐tolerant wheat germplasm.

The wheat ABA receptor gene TaPYL1‐1B contributes to drought tolerance and grain yield by increasing water‐use efficiency