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Summary  Fruit morphology is an important agronomical trait of many crops. Here, we identify Sly‐miR159 as an important regulator of fruit morphology in tomato, a model species of fleshy‐fruit development. We show that Sly‐miR159 functions through its target  SlGAMYB2  to control fruit growth. Suppression of Sly‐miR159 and overexpression of  SlGAMYB2  result in larger fruits with a reduced length/width ratio, while loss of function of  SlGAMYB2  leads to the formation of smaller and more elongated fruits. Gibberellin (GA) is a major phytohormone that regulates fruit development in tomato. We show the Sly‐miR159‐ SlGAMYB2  pathway controls fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis. In particular, we demonstrate that Sly‐miR159 promotes GA biosynthesis largely through the direct repression of the GA biosynthetic gene  SlGA3ox2  by  SlGAMYB2 . Together, our findings reveal the action of Sly‐miR159 on GA biosynthesis as a previously unidentified mechanism that controls fruit morphology in tomato. Modulating this pathway may have potential applications in tomato breeding for manipulating fruit growth and facilitating the process of fruit improvement.

Sly‐miR159 regulates fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis in tomato