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Summary  Soil‐borne microbes can establish compatible relationships with host plants, providing a large variety of nutritive and protective compounds in exchange for photosynthesized sugars. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the establishment of these beneficial relationships remain unclear. Our previous genetic mapping and whole‐genome resequencing studies identified a gene deletion event of a  Populus trichocarpa  lectin receptor‐like kinase gene  PtLecRLK1  in  Populus deltoides  that was associated with poor‐root colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus  Laccaria bicolor . By introducing  PtLecRLK1  into a perennial grass known to be a non‐host of  L. bicolor , switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum  L.), we found that  L. bicolor  colonizes  ZmUbipro‐PtLecRLK1  transgenic switchgrass roots, which illustrates that the introduction of  PtLecRLK1  has the potential to convert a non‐host to a host of  L. bicolor . Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on inoculated‐transgenic switchgrass roots revealed genes/proteins overrepresented in the compatible interaction and underrepresented in the pathogenic defence pathway, consistent with the view that pathogenic defence response is down‐regulated during compatible interaction. Metabolomic profiling revealed that root colonization in the transgenic switchgrass was associated with an increase in N‐containing metabolites and a decrease in organic acids, sugars, and aromatic hydroxycinnamate conjugates, which are often seen in the early steps of establishing compatible interactions. These studies illustrate that  PtLecRLK1  is able to render a plant susceptible to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus  L. bicolor  and shed light on engineering mycorrhizal symbiosis into a non‐host to enhance plant productivity and fitness on marginal lands.

Towards engineering ectomycorrhization into switchgrass bioenergy crops via a lectin receptor‐like kinase