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Summary  Seedlessness in grapes is one of the features most appreciated by consumers. However, the mechanisms underlying seedlessness in grapes remain obscure. Here, we observe small globular embryos and globular embryos in Pinot Noir and Thompson Seedless from 20 to 30 days after flowering (DAF). From 40 to 50 DAF, we observe torpedo embryos and cotyledon embryos in Pinot Noir but aborted embryos and endosperm in Thompson Seedless. Thus, RNA‐Seq analyses of seeds at these stages from Thompson Seedless and Pinot Noir were performed. A total of 6442 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among these, genes involved in SA biosynthesis,  VvEDS1  and  VvSARD1 , were more highly expressed in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Moreover, the content of endogenous SA is at least five times higher in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Increased trimethylation of H3K27 of  VvEDS1  and  VvSARD1  may be correlated with lower SA content in Pinot Noir. We also demonstrate that  VvHDZ28  positively regulates the expression of  VvEDS1 . Moreover, over‐expression of  VvHDZ28  results in seedless fruit and increased SA contents in  Solanum lycopersicum . Our results reveal the potential role of SA and feedback regulation of  VvHDZ28  in seedless grapes.

VvHDZ28 positively regulate salicylic acid biosynthesis during seed abortion in Thompson Seedless