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Background  The second‐generation cryoballoon significantly improves outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) but may cause more complications than the first generation. Currently, no consensus regarding optimal cryoballoon application time exists. The 123‐study aimed to assess the minimal cryoballoon application duration necessary to achieve PVI (primary endpoint) and the effect of application duration on prevention of phrenic nerve injury (PNI).    Methods  Patients <75 years of age with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, normal PV anatomy, and left atrial size <40 cc/m² or <50 mm were randomized to two applications of different duration: “short,” “medium,” or “long.” A total of 222 patients were enrolled, 74 per group.    Results  Duration per application was 105 (101‐108), 164 (160‐168), and 224 (219‐226) s and isolation was achieved in 79, 89, and 90% ( P  < 0.001) of the PVs after two applications in groups short, medium, and long, respectively. Only for the left PVs, the success rate of the short group was significantly less compared to the medium‐ and long‐duration groups ( P  < 0.001). PNI during the procedure occurred in 19 PVs (6.5%) in the medium and in 20 PVs (6.8%) in the long duration groups compared to only five PVs (1.7%) in the short duration group ( P <  0.001).    Conclusions  Short cryoballoon ablation application times, less than 2 min, did affect the success for the left PVs but not for the right PVs and resulted in less PNI. A PV tailored approach with shorter application times for the right PVs might be advocated.

Shorter cryoballoon applications times do effect efficacy but result in less phrenic nerve injury: Results of the randomized 123 study