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Summary    Tea trichomes synthesize numerous specialized metabolites to protect plants from environmental stresses and contribute to tea flavours, but little is known about the regulation of trichome development.  Here, we showed that CsMYB1 is involved in the regulation of trichome formation and galloylated  cis ‐catechins biosynthesis in tea plants. The variations in  CsMYB1  expression levels are closely correlated with trichome indexes and galloylated  cis ‐catechins contents in tea plant populations. Genome resequencing showed that  CsMYB1  may be selected in modern tea cultivars, since a 192‐bp insertion in  CsMYB1  promoter was found exclusively in modern tea cultivars but not in the glabrous wild tea  Camellia taliensis . Several enhancers in the 192‐bp insertion increased  CsMYB1  transcription in modern tea cultivars that coincided with their higher galloylated  cis ‐catechins contents and trichome indexes.  Biochemical analyses and transgenic data showed that CsMYB1 interacted with CsGL3 and CsWD40 and formed a MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex to activate the trichome regulator genes  CsGL2  and  CsCPC , and the galloylated  cis ‐catechins biosynthesis genes  anthocyanidin reductase  and  serine carboxypeptidase‐like 1A . CsMYB1 integratively regulated trichome formation and galloylated  cis ‐catechins biosynthesis.  Results suggest that  CsMYB1 , trichome and galloylated  cis ‐catechins are coincidently selected during tea domestication by harsh environments for improved adaption and by breeders for better tea flavours.

CsMYB1 integrates the regulation of trichome development and catechins biosynthesis in tea plant domestication