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Silencing the alarm: an insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release
Author(s) -
Lin PoAn,
Chen Yintong,
ChaverraRodriguez Duverney,
Heu Chan Chin,
Zainuddin Nursyafiqi Bin,
Sidhu Jagdeep Singh,
Peiffer Michelle,
Tan ChingWen,
Helms Anjel,
Kim Donghun,
Ali Jared,
Rasgon Jason L.,
Lynch Jonathan,
Anderson Charles T.,
Felton Gary W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.17214
Subject(s) - herbivore , biology , solanum , plant defense against herbivory , methyl salicylate , insect , effector , botany , green leaf volatiles , elicitor , enzyme assay , glycine , enzyme , biochemistry , gene , amino acid
Summary Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as an ecologically important defensive response of plants against herbivory. Although the induction of this ‘cry for help’ has been well documented, only a few studies have investigated the inhibition of HIPVs by herbivores and little is known about whether herbivores have evolved mechanisms to inhibit the release of HIPVs. To examine the role of herbivore effectors in modulating HIPVs and stomatal dynamics, we conducted series of experiments combining pharmacological, surgical, genetic (CRISPR‐Cas9) and chemical (GC‐MS analysis) approaches. We show that the salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), secreted by the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea on leaves, causes stomatal closure in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) within 5 min, and in both tomato and soybean ( Glycine max ) for at least 48 h. GOX also inhibits the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by H. zea , including ( Z )‐3‐hexenol, ( Z )‐jasmone and ( Z )‐3‐hexenyl acetate, which are important airborne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a potential adaptive strategy where an insect herbivore inhibits plant airborne defenses during feeding by exploiting the association between stomatal dynamics and HIPV emission.