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Desert truffle genomes reveal their reproductive modes and new insights into plant–fungal interaction and ectendomycorrhizal lifestyle
Author(s) -
MarquésGálvez José Eduardo,
Miyauchi Shingo,
Paolocci Francesco,
NavarroRódenas Alfonso,
Arenas Francisco,
PérezGilabert Manuela,
Morin Emmanuelle,
Auer Lucas,
Barry Kerrie W.,
Kuo Alan,
Grigoriev Igor V.,
Martin Francis M.,
Kohler Annegret,
Morte Asunción
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.17044
Subject(s) - truffle , biology , symbiosis , botany , gene , genome , desert (philosophy) , evolutionary biology , genetics , bacteria , philosophy , epistemology
Summary Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi forming ectendomycorrhizal symbiosis with plants of Cistaceae family. Knowledge about the reproductive modes of these fungi and the molecular mechanisms driving the ectendomycorrhizal interaction is lacking. Genomes of the highly appreciated edible desert truffles Terfezia claveryi Chatin and Tirmania nivea Trappe have been sequenced and compared with other Pezizomycetes. Transcriptomes of T. claveryi × Helianthemum almeriense mycorrhiza from well‐watered and drought‐stressed plants, when intracellular colonizations is promoted, were investigated. We have identified the fungal genes related to sexual reproduction in desert truffles and desert‐truffles‐specific genomic and secretomic features with respect to other Pezizomycetes, such as the expansion of a large set of gene families with unknown Pfam domains and a number of species or desert‐truffle‐specific small secreted proteins differentially regulated in symbiosis. A core set of plant genes, including carbohydrate, lipid‐metabolism, and defence‐related genes, differentially expressed in mycorrhiza under both conditions was found. Our results highlight the singularities of desert truffles with respect to other mycorrhizal fungi while providing a first glimpse on plant and fungal determinants involved in ecto to endo symbiotic switch that occurs in desert truffle under dry conditions.