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Summary    NPR1 has been found to be a key transcriptional regulator in some plant defence responses. There are nine  NPR1  homologues ( TaNPR1 ) in wheat, but little research has been done to understand the function of those  NPR1 ‐like genes in the wheat defence response against stem rust ( Puccinia graminis  f. sp.  tritici ) pathogens.  We used bioinformatics and reverse genetics approaches to study the expression and function of each  TaNPR1 .  We found six members of  TaNPR1  located on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes (designated as  TaG3NPR1 ) and three on homoeologous group 7 chromosomes (designated as  TaG7NPR1 ). The group 3 NPR1 proteins regulate transcription of SA‐responsive  PR  genes. Downregulation of all the  TaNPR1  homologues via virus‐induced gene co‐silencing resulted in enhanced resistance to stem rust. More specifically downregulating  TaG7NPR1  homeologues or  Ta7ANPR1  expression resulted in stem rust resistance phenotype. By contrast, knocking down  TaG3NPR1  alone did not show visible phenotypic changes in response to the rust pathogen. Knocking out  Ta7ANPR1  enhanced resistance to stem rust. The  Ta7ANPR1  locus is alternatively spliced under pathogen inoculated conditions.  We discovered a new mode of NPR1 action in wheat at the  Ta7ANPR1  locus through an NB‐ARC–NPR1 fusion protein negatively regulating the defence to stem rust infection.

A new mode of NPR1 action via an NB‐ARC–NPR1 fusion protein negatively regulates the defence response in wheat to stem rust pathogen