Open AccessProgramming Algorithms for Sacral Neuromodulation: Clinical Practice and Evidence—Recommendations for Day‐to‐Day Practice
Author(s) -
Lehur Paul A.,
Sørensen Michael,
Dudding Thomas C.,
Knowles Charles H.,
Wachter Stefan,
Engelberg Stefan,
Matzel Klaus E.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
neuromodulation: technology at the neural interface
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1525-1403
pISSN - 1094-7159
DOI - 10.1111/ner.13117
Subject(s) - sacral nerve stimulation , neuromodulation , computer science , set (abstract data type) , baseline (sea) , simulation , medicine , stimulation , surgery , programming language , oceanography , geology
Background In sacral neuromodulation (SNM), stimulation programming plays a key role to achieve success of the therapy. However to date, little attention has been given to the best ways to set and optimize SNM programming during the test and chronic stimulation phases of the procedure. Objective Standardize and make SNM programming easier and more efficient for the several conditions for which SNM is proposed. Methods Systematic literature review and collective clinical experience report. Results The basic principles of SNM programming are described. It covers choice of electrode configuration, stimulation amplitude, pulse frequency and pulse widths, while use of cycling is also briefly discussed. Step‐by‐step practical flow charts developed by a group of 13 European experts are presented. Conclusions Programming of SNM therapy is not complex. There are few programming settings that seem beneficial or significantly impact patient outcomes. Only four basic electrode configurations could be identified according to four different options to define the cathode. In a majority of patients, the proposed stimulation parameters will allow a satisfactory improvement for long periods of time. A regular follow‐up is, however, necessary to assess and eventually optimize results, as well as to reassure patients.