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Background  Rodent models are fundamental in unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐induced effects on the brain. However, proper translation of human TMS protocols to animal models have been restricted by the lack of rodent‐specific focal TMS coils.    Objective  We aimed to improve TMS focalization in rodent brain with a novel small, cooled, and rodent‐specific TMS coil.    Methods  A rodent‐specific 25‐mm figure‐of‐eight TMS coil was developed. Stimulation focalization was simulated  in silico  for the rodent coil and a commercial human 50‐mm figure‐of‐eight TMS coil. Both coils were also compared  in vivo  by electromyography measurements of brachialis motor evoked potential (MEP) responses to TMS at different brain sites in anesthetized rats ( n  = 6). Focalization was determined from the coils' level of stimulation laterality. Differences in MEPs were statistically analyzed with repeated‐measures, within‐subjects, ANOVA.    Results   In silico  simulation results deemed the human coil insufficient for unilateral stimulation of the rat motor cortex, whereas lateralized electrical field induction was projected attainable with the rodent coil. Cortical,  in vivo  MEP amplitude measurements from multiple points in each hemisphere, revealed unilateral activation of the contralateral brachialis muscle, in absence of ipsilateral brachialis activation, with both coils.    Conclusion  Computer simulations motivated the design of a smaller rodent‐specific TMS coil, but came short in explaining the capability of a larger commercial human coil to induce unilateral MEPs  in vivo . Lateralized TMS, as demonstrated for both TMS coils, corroborates their use in translational rodent studies, to elucidate mechanisms of action of therapeutic TMS protocols.

Design and Evaluation of a Rodent‐Specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil: An In Silico and In Vivo Validation Study