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Summary  People living with  HIV  ( PLHIV ) are highly vulnerable to invasive fungal infections ( IFI s) due to their immune dysfunction. Diagnosis and treatment of  IFI s remain challenging due to the requirement of deep tissue sampling to visualise and culture fungi before initiating treatment. Such techniques are less practical in resource‐limited settings due to their cost and requirement of relatively invasive procedures. Hence, identification of surrogate markers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of  IFI s is required. Recent studies have shown that (1→3)‐β‐ d ‐glucan ( BDG ), a major fungal cell wall antigen, represents a promising soluble marker for the presumptive diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of  IFI s in  HIV ‐infected patients. Herein, we review findings on the merits of  BDG  assays in the diagnosis of  IFI s and monitoring of antifungal therapies for  PLHIV . Conversely to other types of immunocompromised patients,  HIV  infection is associated with gut damage and subsequent bacterial and fungal translocation leading to elevated  BDG  plasma levels.

Use of (1→3)‐β‐ d ‐glucan for diagnosis and management of invasive mycoses in HIV ‐infected patients