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The density of  Borrelia burgdorferi ‐infected  Ixodes ricinus  nymphs (DIN) was investigated during 2013–2017 across a Lyme disease‐endemic landscape in southern England. The density of nymphs (DON), nymph infection prevalence (NIP), and DIN varied across five different natural habitats, with the highest DIN in woodland edge and high biodiversity woodlands. DIN was significantly lower in scrub grassland compared to the woodland edge, with low DON and no evidence of infection in ticks in non‐scrub grassland. Over the 5 years, DON, NIP and DIN were comparable within habitats, except in 2014, with NIP varying three‐fold and DIN significantly lower compared to 2015–2017.  Borrelia garinii  was most common, with bird‐associated  Borrelia  ( B .  garinii/valaisiana ) accounting for ~70% of all typed sequences.  Borrelia burgdorferi  sensu stricto was more common than  B .  afzelii .  Borrelia afzelii  was more common in scrub grassland than woodland and absent in some years. The possible impact of scrub on grazed grassland, management of ecotonal woodland margins with public access, and the possible role of birds/gamebirds impacting NIP are discussed. Mean NIP was 7.6%, highlighting the potential risk posed by  B .  burgdorferi  in this endemic area. There is a need for continued research to understand its complex ecology and identify strategies for minimizing risk to public health, through habitat/game management and public awareness.

medical and veterinary entomology

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the density of  Borrelia burgdorferi ‐infected  Ixodes ricinus  ticks across a landscape: A 5‐year study in southern England