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APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family transcription factors are well‐documented in plant responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses, but their roles in mediating elicitor‐induced disease resistance remains largely unexplored. PevD1 is a  Verticillium dahliae  secretory effector that can induce disease resistance in cotton and tobacco plants. In our previous work,  Nicotiana benthamiana ERF114  ( NbERF114 ) was identified in a screen of genes differentially expressed in response to PevD1 infiltration. Here, we found that the ortholog of  NbERF114  in  Arabidopsis thaliana  ( ERF114 ) also strongly responded to PevD1 treatment and transcripts were induced by  Pseudomonas syringae  pv.  tomato  (Pst) DC3000 infection. Loss of ERF114 function caused impaired disease resistance, while overexpressing  ERF114  ( OE‐ERF114 ) enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000. Moreover, ERF114 mediated PevD1‐induced disease resistance. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the transcript level of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase1 ( PAL1 ) and its downstream genes were significantly suppressed in  erf114  mutants compared with  A. thaliana  Col‐0. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis further confirmed that the  PAL1  mRNA level was significantly elevated in overexpressing  OE‐ERF114  plants but reduced in  erf114  mutants compared with Col‐0. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐qPCR (ChIP‐qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay verified that ERF114 directly bound to the promoter of  PAL1 . The gene expression profiles of  ERF114  and  PAL1  in oestradiol‐inducible transgenic plants confirmed ERF114 could activate  PAL1  transcriptional expression. Further investigation revealed that ERF114 positively modulated PevD1‐induced lignin and salicylic acid accumulation, probably by activating  PAL1  transcription.

Ethylene‐responsive factor ERF114 mediates fungal pathogen effector PevD1‐induced disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana