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The endophytic bacterium  Pantoea agglomerans  DAPP‐PG 734 was previously isolated from olive knots caused by infection with  Pseudomonas savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  DAPP‐PG 722. Whole‐genome analysis of this  P. agglomerans  strain revealed the presence of a  Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity  ( Hrp ) type III secretion system (T3SS). To assess the role of the  P. agglomerans  T3SS in the interaction with  P .  savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi , we generated independent knockout mutants in three  Hrp  genes of the  P. agglomerans  DAPP‐PG 734 T3SS ( hrpJ ,  hrpN , and  hrpY ). In contrast to the wildtype control, all three mutants failed to cause a hypersensitive response when infiltrated in tobacco leaves, suggesting that  P. agglomerans  T3SS is functional and injects effector proteins in plant cells. In contrast to  P .  savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  DAPP‐PG 722, the wildtype strain  P .  agglomerans  DAPP‐PG 734 and its  Hrp  T3SS mutants did not cause olive knot disease in 1‐year‐old olive plants. Coinoculation of  P .  savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  with  P. agglomerans  wildtype strains did not significantly change the knot size, while the DAPP‐PG 734  hrpY  mutant induced a significant decrease in knot size, which could be complemented by providing  hrpY  on a plasmid. By epifluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that the localization patterns in knots were nonoverlapping for  P .  savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  and  P. agglomerans  when coinoculated. Our results suggest that suppression of olive plant defences mediated by the  Hrp  T3SS of  P. agglomerans  DAPP‐PG 734 positively impacts the virulence of  P .  savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  DAPP‐PG 722.

molecular plant pathology

Synergistic interaction between the type III secretion system of the endophytic bacterium  Pantoea agglomerans  DAPP‐PG 734 and the virulence of the causal agent of olive knot  Pseudomonas savastanoi  pv.  savastanoi  DAPP‐PG 722