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Summary  The filamentous fungus  Fusarium graminearum  possesses an RNA‐interference (RNAi) pathway that acts as a defence response against virus infections and exogenous double‐stranded (ds) RNA. Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1), which infects  F. graminearum , confers hypovirulence‐associated traits such as reduced mycelial growth, increased pigmentation and reduced pathogenicity. In this study, we found that FgV1 can suppress RNA silencing by interfering with the induction of  FgDICER2  and  FgAGO1 , which are involved in RNAi antiviral defence and the hairpin RNA/RNAi pathway in  F. graminearum . In an  FgAGO1 ‐ or  FgDICER2 ‐promoter/GFP‐reporter expression assay the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcript levels were reduced in FgV1‐infected transformed mutant strains. By comparing transcription levels of  FgDICER2  and  FgAGO1  in fungal transformed mutants expressing each open reading frame (ORF) of FgV1 with or without a hairpin RNA construct, we determined that reduction of  FgDICER2  and  FgAGO1  transcript levels requires only the FgV1 ORF2‐encoded protein (pORF2). Moreover, we confirmed that the pORF2 binds to the upstream region of  FgDICER s and  FgAGO s  in vitro . These combined results indicate that the pORF2 of FgV1 counteracts the RNAi defence response of  F. graminearum  by interfering with the induction of  FgDICER2  and  FgAGO1  in a promoter‐dependent manner.

The ORF2 protein of Fusarium graminearum virus 1 suppresses the transcription of FgDICER2 and FgAGO1 to limit host antiviral defences