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Dual PPAR α/γ agonist saroglitazar improves liver histopathology and biochemistry in experimental NASH models
Author(s) -
Jain Mukul R.,
Giri Suresh R.,
Bhoi Bibhuti,
Trivedi Chitrang,
Rath Akshyaya,
Rathod Rohan,
Ranvir Ramchandra,
Kadam Shekhar,
Patel Hiren,
Swain Prabodha,
Roy Sib Sankar,
Das Nabanita,
Karmakar Eshani,
Wahli Walter,
Patel Pankaj R.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
liver international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.873
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1478-3231
pISSN - 1478-3223
DOI - 10.1111/liv.13634
Subject(s) - pioglitazone , fenofibrate , chemistry , agonist , steatohepatitis , endocrinology , medicine , pharmacology , steatosis , fatty liver , receptor , biochemistry , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , disease
Background & Aims Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) are common clinico‐pathological conditions that affect millions of patients worldwide. In this study, the efficacy of saroglitazar, a novel PPAR α/γ agonist, was assessed in models of NAFLD / NASH . Methods & Results HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid ( PA ;0.75 mM ) showed decreased expression of various antioxidant biomarkers ( SOD 1, SOD 2, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and increased expression of inflammatory markers ( TNF α, IL 1β and IL 6). These effects were blocked by saroglitazar, pioglitazone and fenofibrate (all tested at 10μM concentration). Furthermore, these agents reversed PA ‐mediated changes in mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP production, NF kB phosphorylation and stellate cell activation in HepG2 and HepG2‐ LX 2 Coculture studies. In mice with choline‐deficient high‐fat diet‐induced NASH , saroglitazar reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and prevented development of fibrosis. It also reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and expression of inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers. In this model, the reduction in the overall NAFLD activity score by saroglitazar (3 mg/kg) was significantly more prominent than pioglitazone (25 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (100 mg/kg). Pioglitazone and fenofibrate did not show any improvement in steatosis, but partially improved inflammation and liver function. Antifibrotic effect of saroglitazar (4 mg/kg) was also observed in carbon tetrachloride‐induced fibrosis model. Conclusions Saroglitazar, a dual PPAR α/γ agonist with predominant PPAR α activity, shows an overall improvement in NASH . The effects of saroglitazar appear better than pure PPAR α agonist, fenofibrate and PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone.