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Background  The prevalence of clinical signs and factors triggering muscle atrophy and rhabdomyolysis associated with an  MYH1  E321G  mutation in Quarter Horses and related breeds (QH) remain poorly understood.    Hypothesis/Objectives  Determine the prevalence and potential triggers of atrophy and stiffness in horses homozygous reference (N/N), heterozygous (My/N), and homozygous (My/My) for the  MYH1  E321G  mutation.    Animals  Two‐hundred seventy‐five N/N, 100 My/N, and 10 My/My QH.    Methods  A retrospective case‐control study using a closed‐ended questionnaire completed by clients of the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. History of clinical signs, disease, vaccination and performance were analyzed by genotype using contingency testing.    Results  Atrophy occurred in proportionately more horses with  MYH1  E321G  (My) than N/N QH and more frequently in My/My than My/N QH ( P  &lt; .001; My/My 8/10 [80%], My/N 17/100 [17%], N/N 29/275 [11%]). More My/My horses had rapid atrophy ( P  &lt; .001), with recurrence in 50%. Fewer My/My horses recovered versus My/N QH ( P  &lt; .001). Stiffness was common across genotypes ( P  = .100; My/My 4/10 [40%], My/N 18/100 [18%], N/N 48/275 [17%]). Three months before the observed atrophy and stiffness, 47% of  MYH1  E321G  QH were vaccinated or had respiratory or gastrointestinal disease. Horses achieving 100% expected performance did not differ across genotypes (50% My/My, 71% My/N, 55% N/N), but, only 4/10 My/My QH were competing. My/N horses achieved national or world championships or both.    Conclusion and Clinical Importance  Approximately 20% of My/N QH develop rapid atrophy. Atrophy is more common (80%) in homozygous My/My QH and less likely to resolve. Inciting causes such as vaccination and infection are inapparent in over half of cases.

journal of veterinary internal medicine

Prevalence of clinical signs and factors impacting expression of myosin heavy chain myopathy in Quarter Horse‐related breeds with the   MYH1  E321G   mutation