Open AccessClinical relevance of serum electrolytes in dogs and cats with acute heart failure: A retrospective study
Author(s) -
RocheCatholy Marine,
Van Cappellen Iris,
Locquet Laurent,
Broeckx Bart J. G.,
Paepe Dominique,
Smets Pascale
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/jvim.16187
Subject(s) - hypochloremia , medicine , furosemide , heart failure , diuretic , proportional hazards model , hazard ratio , serum chloride , retrospective cohort study , cats , gastroenterology , clinical significance , cardiology , hypokalemia , confidence interval , sodium , chemistry , organic chemistry
Abstract Background Hypochloremia is a strong negative prognostic factor in humans with congestive heart failure (CHF), but the implications of electrolyte abnormalities in small animals with acute CHF are unclear. Objectives To document electrolyte abnormalities present upon admission of small animals with acute CHF, and to assess the relationship between electrolyte concentrations and diuretic dose, duration of hospitalization and survival time. Animals Forty‐six dogs and 34 cats with first onset of acute CHF. Methods Retrospective study. The associations between electrolyte concentrations and diuretic doses were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Relationship with duration of hospitalization and survival were assessed by simple linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively. Results The most commonly encountered electrolyte anomaly was hypochloremia observed in 24% (9/46 dogs and 10/34 cats) of cases. In dogs only, a significant negative correlation was identified between serum chloride concentrations at admission (median 113 mmol/L [97‐125]) and furosemide doses both at discharge (median 5.2 mg/kg/day [1.72‐9.57]; r = −0.59; P < .001) and at end‐stage heart failure (median 4.7 mg/kg/day [2.02‐7.28]; r = −0.62; P = .005). No significant hazard ratios were found for duration of hospitalization nor survival time for any of the electrolyte concentrations. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The observed association between serum chloride concentrations and diuretic doses suggests that hypochloremia could serve as a marker of disease severity and therapeutic response in dogs with acute CHF.