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Background  Canine blood donors can be infected by various vector‐borne or other pathogens that could be an important cause of morbidity and death in transfusion recipients.    Hypothesis/Objectives  To estimate and predict positivity to transmittable blood‐borne pathogens in blood units collected from blood donor dogs in Canada.    Animals  Six thousand one hundred and fifty blood units from 1914 active blood donors registered to the Canadian Animal Blood Bank (CABB) between March 2010 and December 2016.    Methods  A registry‐based retrospective study. Blood units were screened by SNAP 4Dx/4Dx Plus and PCR panel tests. Information on blood donors and test results were extracted from multiple databases and collated. Logistic regressions were used to predict blood unit positivity.    Results  Of 1779 blood units, 0.56% were antibody‐positive for  Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys  and 0% for  Ehrlichia canis/ewingii . After exclusion of antibody‐positive units to  Anaplasma  spp., 1.1% of 6140 blood units were PCR‐positive to  Anaplasma phagocytophilum ,  Bartonella  spp.,  Brucella canis , “ Candidatus  Mycoplasma haematoparvum,”  Mycoplasma haemocanis , or a combination of these pathogens.  Babesia  spp.,  Ehrlichia  spp., and  Leishmania  spp. were not detected. Units from the first blood collection from a dog had higher odds of testing PCR‐positive ( P  < .001) for at least 1 pathogen than units from subsequent collections.    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  Although our study indicates a low probability of detecting blood‐borne pathogen in blood units collected by this Canadian blood bank, the presence of positive units highlights the importance of the preemptive identification and screening of blood units from healthy blood donors for safe blood banking, especially in first‐time donors.

Risk of transmittable blood‐borne pathogens in blood units from blood donor dogs in Canada