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Background  Evidence regarding the efficacy of equine hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia in foals caused by  Rhodococcus equi  is limited and conflicting.    Hypothesis  Opsonization with  R. equi ‐specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) will significantly increase phagocytosis and decrease intracellular replication of  R. equi  by alveolar macrophages (AMs) compared to normal plasma (NP).    Animals  Fifteen adult Quarter Horses were used to collect bronchoalveolar lavage cells.    Methods  In the first experiment, AMs from 9 horses were pretreated (incubated) with either HIP, NP, or media only (control) and then infected with nonopsonized  R. equi . In a second experiment, AMs from 6 horses were infected with  R. equi  either opsonized with HIP or opsonized with NP. For both experiments, AMs were lysed at 0 and 48 hours and the number of viable  R. equi  quantified by culture were compared among groups using linear mixed‐effects modeling with significance set at  P  < .05.    Results  Opsonization with either HIP or NP increased phagocytosis by AMs ( P  < .0001) and decreased intracellular survival of organisms in AMs ( P  < .0001). Pretreating AMs with either HIP or NP without opsonizing  R. equi  had no effects on phagocytosis or intracellular replication.    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  Opsonizing  R. equi  with either NP or HIP decreases intracellular survival of organisms in AMs, but the effect does not appear to be enhanced by using HIP. Mechanisms other than effects on AMs must explain any clinical benefits of using HIP over NP to decrease the incidence of  R. equi  pneumonia in foals.

journal of veterinary internal medicine

Opsonization but not pretreatment of equine macrophages with hyperimmune plasma nonspecifically enhances phagocytosis and intracellular killing of  Rhodococcus equi