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Background  Neurobartonellosis occurs in people. The role these organisms might play in inflammatory brain disease of dogs is unclear.    Hypothesis/Objectives  That  Bartonella  spp. DNA would be amplified more commonly from the CSF of dogs with inflammatory disease compared to those with noninflammatory disease. To report the prevalence of  Bartonella  spp. in dogs with and without inflammatory CNS disease with a commercially available PCR assay.    Animals  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 172 dogs from either Washington State University or Colorado State University.    Methods  Retrospective study. A search was performed of all medical records from dogs with CSF samples submitted to CSU's Center for Companion Animal Studies or Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from CSU or WSU for  Toxoplasma  or  Neospora  PCR assay. Increased CSF nucleated cell counts and an adequate volume of CSF must have been present to evaluate  Bartonella  spp. by PCR assay.    Results  Inflammatory CNS disease was confirmed in 65 dogs, none of which were positive for  Bartonella  spp. DNA. Of the other 107 dogs, one was positive for  B. henselae  DNA. The CSF from this dog contained red blood cells.    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  Failure to amplify  Bartonella  spp. DNA from the CSF of the dogs with inflammatory disease suggests the organism was not involved in the etiology of the disease, the organism was in the CNS tissues but not in the CSF, or the organism was present but in quantities undetectable by this PCR assay. The combination of PCR and culture is the most sensitive way to detect  Bartonella  spp. and the use of that technique should be considered in future studies.

Testing for Bartonella ssp. DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disease