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Hyperfibrinolysis and Hypofibrinogenemia Diagnosed With Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs Naturally Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum
Author(s) -
Sigrist N.E.,
HoferInteeworn N.,
Jud Schefer R.,
KuemmerleFraune C.,
Schnyder M.,
Kutter A.P.N.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/jvim.14723
Subject(s) - medicine , hyperfibrinolysis , hypofibrinogenemia , thromboelastometry , tranexamic acid , surgery , gastroenterology , coagulopathy , anesthesia , fibrinogen , blood loss
Background The pathomechanism of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection‐associated bleeding diathesis in dogs is not fully understood. Objective To describe rotational thromboelastometry ( ROTEM ) parameters in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum and to compare ROTEM parameters between infected dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding. Animals A total of 21 dogs presented between 2013 and 2016. Methods Dogs with A. vasorum infection and ROTEM evaluation were retrospectively identified. Thrombocyte counts, ROTEM parameters, clinical signs of bleeding, therapy, and survival to discharge were retrospectively retrieved from patient records and compared between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding. Results Evaluation by ROTEM showed hyperfibrinolysis in 8 of 12 (67%; 95% CI , 40–86%) dogs with and 1 of 9 (11%; 95% CI , 2–44%) dogs without clinical signs of bleeding ( P = .016). Hyperfibrinolysis was associated with severe hypofibrinogenemia in 6 of 10 (60%; 95% CI , 31–83%) of the cases. Hyperfibrinolysis decreased or resolved after treatment with 10–80 mg/kg tranexamic acid. Fresh frozen plasma (range, 14–60 mL/kg) normalized follow‐up fibrinogen function ROTEM ( FIBTEM ) maximal clot firmness in 6 of 8 dogs (75%; 95% CI , 41–93%). Survival to discharge was 67% (14/21 dogs; 95% CI , 46–83%) and was not different between dogs with and without clinical signs of bleeding ( P = .379). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were identified as an important pathomechanism in angiostrongylosis‐associated bleeding in dogs. Hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia were normalized by treatment with tranexamic acid and plasma transfusions, respectively.

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