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Background  More than 3 million cats in the United States are infected with Fe LV  or  FIV . The cornerstone of control is identification and segregation of infected cats.    Hypothesis/Objectives  To compare test performance with well‐characterized clinical samples of currently available Fe LV  antigen/ FIV  antibody combination test kits.    Animals  Surplus serum and plasma from diagnostic samples submitted by animal shelters, diagnostic laboratories, veterinary clinics, and cat research colonies. None of the cats had been vaccinated against  FIV . The final sample set included 146 Fe LV +, 154 Fe LV −, 94  FIV +, and 97  FIV − samples.    Methods  Prospective, blind comparison to a gold standard: Samples were evaluated in 4 different point‐of‐care tests by  ELISA  antigen plate tests (Fe LV ) and virus isolation ( FIV ) as the reference standards. All test results were visually read by 2 blinded observers.    Results  Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for Fe LV  were  SNAP  ®  (100%/100%),  WITNESS  ®  (89.0%/95.5%), Anigen ®  (91.8%/95.5%), and VetScan ®  (85.6%/85.7%). Sensitivity and specificity for  FIV  were  SNAP  ®  (97.9%/99.0%),  WITNESS  ®  (94.7%/100%), Anigen ®  (96.8%/99.0%), and VetScan ®  (91.5%/99.0%).    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  The  SNAP  ®  test had the best performance for Fe LV , but there were no significant differences for  FIV . In typical cat populations with seroprevalence of 1–5%, a majority of positive results reported by most point‐of‐care test devices would be false‐positives. This could result in unnecessary segregation or even euthanasia.

Performance of 4 Point‐of‐Care Screening Tests for Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus