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Background  N‐terminal type  III  procollagen propeptide ( PIIINP ) is a biomarker of soft tissue proliferation. Hypersomatotropism ( HS ) is associated with soft tissue proliferation.    Hypothesis  Serum  PIIINP  is increased in cats with  HS  and decreases with effective treatment, and may be an additional tool in the diagnosis and treatment of feline  HS .    Animals  Cats with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus ( DM ; n = 30) and with  HS ‐induced  DM  ( HSDM ; n = 30). Pre‐ and posttreatment samples were available from 5 cats undergoing radiotherapy ( RT ) and 16 cats undergoing hypophysectomy ( HPX ).    Methods  Retrospective and prospective cross‐sectional study. Analytical performance of a serum  PIIINP ELISA  was assessed and validated for use in cats.  PIIINP  and insulin‐like growth factor 1 ( IGF ‐1) radioimmunoassays (RIA) were performed pre‐ and post‐treatment in cats with  DM  and  HSDM .  PIIINP  and  IGF ‐1 were compared between cats treated by  RT  and  HPX .    Results  Serum  PIIINP  concentrations were significantly higher ( P  < .001) in  HSDM  cats (median, 19.6 ng/mL; range, 1.7–27.9) compared to  DM  cats (median, 5.0 ng/mL; range, 2.1–10.4). A cut‐off of 10.5 ng/mL allowed differentiation between  DM  and  HSDM  cats with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity (area under the curve [ AUC ], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [ CI ], 0.82‐1). After  RT ,  PIIINP  increased significantly ( P  = .043) with no significant change in  IGF ‐1 concentrations. After  HPX , serum  PIIINP  ( P  = .034) and  IGF ‐1 concentrations ( P  < .001) decreased significantly.    Conclusion and clinical importance   PIIINP  concentrations are increased in cats with untreated  HSDM  compared to those with  DM , demonstrating the effect of excess  GH  on soft tissue.  PIIINP  concentrations decreased after  HPX  in most  HSDM  cats.

Serum N‐Terminal Type III Procollagen Propeptide: An Indicator of Growth Hormone Excess and Response to Treatment in Feline Hypersomatotropism