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Background  Bronchiectasis is a permanent and debilitating sequel to chronic or severe airway injury, however, diseases associated with this condition are poorly defined.    Objective  To evaluate results of diagnostic tests used to document bronchiectasis and to characterize underlying or concurrent disease processes.    Animals  Eighty‐six dogs that had bronchoscopy performed and a diagnosis of bronchiectasis.    Methods  Retrospective case series. Radiographs, computed tomography, and bronchoscopic findings were evaluated for features of bronchiectasis. Clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (aspiration, interstitial, foreign body, other), eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy ( EBP ), and inflammatory airway disease ( IAD ) were made based on results of history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and microbiology.    Results  Bronchiectasis was diagnosed in 14% of dogs (86/621) that had bronchoscopy performed. Dogs ranged in age from 0.5 to 14 years with duration of signs from 3 days to 10 years. Bronchiectasis was documented during bronchoscopy in 79/86 dogs (92%), thoracic radiology in 50/83 dogs (60%), and  CT  in 34/34 dogs (100%). Concurrent airway collapse was detected during bronchoscopy in 50/86 dogs (58%), and focal or multifocal mucus plugging of segmental or subsegmental bronchi was found in 41/86 dogs (48%). Final diagnoses included pneumonia (45/86 dogs, 52%),  EBP  (10/86 dogs, 12%) and  IAD  (31/86 dogs, 36%). Bacteria were isolated in 24/86 cases (28%), with  Streptococcus  spp,  Pasteurella  spp, enteric organisms, and  Stenotrophomonas  isolated most frequently.    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  Bronchiectasis can be anticipated in dogs with infectious or inflammatory respiratory disease. Advanced imaging and bronchoscopy are useful in making the diagnosis and identifying concurrent respiratory disease.

Bronchoscopy, Imaging, and Concurrent Diseases in Dogs with Bronchiectasis: (2003–2014)