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Background  Dorsal compressive lesions at the atlantoaxial junction (ie,  AA  bands) occur in dogs with Chiari‐like malformations ( CM s), but their clinical relevance is unclear.    Objective  Investigate the influence of  AA  bands on clinical status and syringomyelia ( SM ) in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels ( CKCS ).    Animals  Thirty‐six  CKCS , 5–12 years of age, including 20 dogs with neuropathic pain.    Methods  Dogs were examined and assigned a neurologic grade. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) of the craniocervical junction was performed with the craniocervical junction extended and flexed (ie, normal standing position). Imaging studies were assessed for the presence of an  AA  band,  CM ,  SM  or some combination of these findings. Band and  SM  severity were quantified using an objective compression index and ordinal grading scale, respectively.    Results  Of 36  CKCS  imaged, 34 had  CM . Atlantoaxial bands were present in 31 dogs and were more prominent in extended than flexed positions. Syringomyelia was found in 26 dogs, 23 of which also had  AA  bands. Bands were associated with both the presence ( P  = .0031) and severity ( P  = .008) of clinical signs and  SM  ( P  = .0147,  P  = .0311, respectively). Higher compression indices were associated with more severe  SM  ( P  = .0137).    Conclusions  Prevalence of  AA  bands in older  CKCS  is high. Positioning of dogs in extension during  MRI  enhances the sensitivity of the study for detecting this important abnormality. There were significant associations among  AA  bands, clinical signs, and  SM  in dogs with  CM ; additional work is needed to understand whether or not this relationship is causal.

journal of veterinary internal medicine

Dorsal Compressive Atlantoaxial Bands and the Craniocervical Junction Syndrome: Association with Clinical Signs and Syringomyelia in Mature Cavalier King Charles Spaniels