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Background  The route of  Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis  infection in horses remains undetermined, but transmission by insects is suspected.    Objectives  To investigate house flies ( Musca domestica  L.) as vectors of  C. pseudotuberculosis  transmission in horses.    Animals  Eight healthy, adult ponies.    Methods  Randomized, controlled, blinded prospective study. Ten wounds were created in the pectoral region where cages for flies were attached. Three ponies were directly inoculated with  C. pseudotuberculosis . Four ponies were exposed for 24 hours to 20 hours  C. pseudotuberculosis ‐inoculated flies. One negative control pony was exposed to noninoculated flies. Ponies were examined daily for swelling, heat, pain, and drainage at the inoculation site. Blood was collected weekly for  CBC  and biochemical analysis, and twice weekly for synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers.    Results  Clinical signs of local infection and positive cultures were observed in 7/7 exposed ponies and were absent in the negative control. In exposed ponies, peak serologic titers (1 : 512 to 1 : 2,048) were obtained between days 17 and 21. Seroconversion was not observed in the negative control. Neutrophil counts were higher in the positive and fly‐exposed groups than in the negative control ( P  =   .002 and  P  =   .005) on day 3 postinoculation. Serum amyloid A concentrations were higher in the positive control than in the negative control and fly‐exposed ponies on days 3 ( P  <   .0001) and 7 ( P  =   .0004 and  P  =   .0001). No differences were detected for other biochemical variables.    Conclusions and Clinical Importance  House flies can serve as mechanical vectors of  C. pseudotuberculosis  and can transmit the bacterium to ponies.

Experimental Transmission of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Biovar equi in Horses by House Flies