English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Summary  Elevated programmed death‐1 ( PD ‐1) has been found in immune cells in viral infections and plays an important role in infection persistence. The soluble form of  PD ‐1 ( sPD ‐1) is involved in tumours and viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of  sPD ‐1 in chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ). A total of two hundred and eighteen  CHB  patients and sixty healthy controls ( HC ) were enrolled. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected. An  ELISA  assay was used to measure serum  sPD ‐1 levels, and the relationships between  sPD ‐1 and clinical/virological characteristics was analysed.  sPD ‐1 levels in  CHB  patients were higher (median 4.409  IQR  3.435‐5.306 pg/ mL ) than those of  HC  individuals (median 0.3665  IQR  0.2425‐0.5010 pg/ mL ). Among patients at various disease stages, patients with immune activity showed the highest  sPD ‐1 levels (median 5.138  IQR  4.329‐5.406 pg/ mL ).  sPD ‐1 concentration was associated with  HBV  markers ( HB sAg,  HBV DNA  and  HB eAg) and biochemical parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase [ AST ], alanine aminotransferase [ ALT ], total bilirubin [ TB il] and gamma glutamyl transferase [γ‐ GT ] levels) (all  P  < 0.05).  sPD ‐1 levels were higher in  CHB  patients with moderate‐to‐severe inflammation or fibrosis than in those with mild inflammation or fibrosis, regardless of  ALT  levels. The association between  sPD ‐1 and disease progression of  CHB  suggests that  sPD ‐1 could serve as a new indicator in assessing liver fibrosis. These findings may further aid in determining the initiation of antiviral treatment in patients with normal ALT levels.

Soluble programmed death‐1 is a useful indicator for inflammatory and fibrosis severity in chronic hepatitis B