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Summary  Equipment sharing among people who inject drugs ( PWID ) is a key risk factor in infection by hepatitis C virus ( HCV ). Both the effectiveness and cost–effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing  HCV  transmission in this population (such as opioid substitution therapy, needle exchange programmes or improved treatment) are difficult to evaluate using field surveys. Ethical issues and complicated access to the  PWID  population make it difficult to gather epidemiological data. In this context, mathematical modelling of  HCV  transmission is a useful alternative for comparing the cost and effectiveness of various interventions. Several models have been developed in the past few years. They are often based on strong hypotheses concerning the population structure. This review presents compartmental and individual‐based models to underline their strengths and limits in the context of  HCV  infection among  PWID . The final section discusses the main results of the papers.

Dynamic modelling of hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs: a methodological review