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Summary   Background  BAY 81‐8973 is a new full‐length human recombinant factor VIII product manufactured with technologies to improve consistency in glycosylation and expression to optimize clinical performance.    Objectives  To demonstrate superiority of prophylaxis vs. on‐demand therapy with BAY 81‐8973 in patients with severe hemophilia A.    Patients/Methods  In this multinational, randomized, open‐label crossover study (LEOPOLD II; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01233258), males aged 12–65 years with severe hemophilia A were randomized to twice‐weekly prophylaxis (20–30 IU kg −1 ), 3‐times‐weekly prophylaxis (30–40 IU kg −1 ), or on‐demand treatment with BAY 81‐8973. Potency labeling for BAY 81‐8973 was based on the chromogenic substrate assay or adjusted to the one‐stage assay. Primary efficacy endpoint was annualized number of all bleeds (ABR). Adverse events (AEs) and immunogenicity were also assessed.    Results  Eighty patients (on demand,  n  = 21; twice‐weekly prophylaxis,  n  = 28; 3‐times‐weekly prophylaxis,  n  = 31) were treated and analyzed. Mean ± SD ABR was significantly lower with prophylaxis (twice‐weekly, 5.7 ± 7.2; 3‐times‐weekly, 4.3 ± 6.5; combined, 4.9 ± 6.8) vs. on‐demand treatment (57.7 ± 24.6;  P  <   0.0001,  anova ). Median ABR was reduced by 97% with prophylaxis (twice‐weekly, 4.0; 3‐times‐weekly, 2.0; combined, 2.0) vs. on‐demand treatment (60.0). Median ABR was higher with twice‐weekly vs. 3‐times‐weekly prophylaxis during the first 6‐month treatment period (4.1 vs. 2.0) but was comparable in the second 6‐month period (1.1 vs. 2.0). Few patients reported treatment‐related AEs (4%); no treatment‐related serious AEs or inhibitors were reported.    Conclusions  Twice‐weekly or 3‐times‐weekly prophylaxis with BAY 81‐8973 reduced median ABR by 97% compared with on‐demand therapy, confirming the superiority of prophylaxis. Treatment with BAY 81‐8973 was well tolerated.

journal of thrombosis and haemostasis

Prophylaxis vs. on‐demand treatment with  BAY  81‐8973, a full‐length plasma protein‐free recombinant factor  VIII  product: results from a randomized trial ( LEOPOLD  II)