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P orphyromonas gingivalis and related bacteria: from colonial pigmentation to the type IX secretion system and gliding motility
Author(s) -
Nakayama K.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/jre.12255
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , secretion , microbiology and biotechnology , virulence , bacteria , biology , motility , streptococcus gordonii , bacteroidetes , anaerobic bacteria , swarming motility , biochemistry , streptococcaceae , gene , quorum sensing , genetics , 16s ribosomal rna , antibiotics
P orphyromonas gingivalis is a g ram‐negative, non‐motile, anaerobic bacterium implicated as a major pathogen in periodontal disease. P . gingivalis grows as black‐pigmented colonies on blood agar, and many bacteriologists have shown interest in this property. Studies of colonial pigmentation have revealed a number of important findings, including an association with the highly active extracellular and surface proteinases called gingipains that are found in P . gingivalis . The P or secretion system, a novel type IX secretion system ( T 9 SS ), has been implicated in gingipain secretion in studies using non‐pigmented mutants. In addition, many potent virulence proteins, including the metallocarboxypeptidase CPG 70, 35 k D a hemin‐binding protein HBP 35, peptidylarginine deiminase PAD and Lys‐specific serine endopeptidase Pep K , are secreted through the T9SS. These findings have not been limited to P . gingivalis but have been extended to other bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Many Bacteroidetes species possess the T9SS, which is associated with gliding motility for some of these bacteria.