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BACKGROUND  Development of molecular MR imaging (MRI) similar to PET imaging using contrast agents such as gadolinium as probe have been inherently hampered by incompatibility between potential probe (charged molecules) and membrane permeability. Nevertheless, considering the inherent spatial resolution limit for PET of 700μ, the superior microscopic resolution of MRI of 4 μ presents a strong incentive for research into ligand‐based molecular MRI.    METHODS   17 O exhibits JJ vicinal coupling with a covalently bound proton in a hydroxyl group. This  17 O coupled proton can be ionized in water solution and interexchange with other water protons. This property can be utilized as “probe” in T2‐weighted imaging and developed into ligand‐based molecular MRI. We examined β‐amyloid distribution in human APP overexpressed transgenic mice  in vivo  following injection of  17 O labeled Pittsburg compound B ( 17 O‐PiB).    RESULTS  JJVCPE imaging successfully imaged  17 O‐PiB, unequivocally establishing that  17 O JJVCPE imaging can be developed into PET‐like molecular MRI in clinical medicine.    CONCLUSIONS  The study represents the first successful ligand‐based molecular MRI  in vivo . This is also the first  in vivo  amyloid imaging using MRI. High‐resolution molecular MRI with high specificity under clinical settings, such as  in vivo  microscopic imaging of senile plaque, is a foreseeable aim.

Ligand‐Based Molecular MRI: O‐17 JJVCPE Amyloid Imaging in Transgenic Mice