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Deciphering Brain Insulin Receptor and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Signalling
Author(s) -
Kleinridders A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of neuroendocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.062
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1365-2826
pISSN - 0953-8194
DOI - 10.1111/jne.12433
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , insulin receptor , insulin , receptor , insulin like growth factor , insulin like growth factor 1 receptor , insulin receptor substrate , signalling , irs2 , growth factor , biology , insulin resistance , microbiology and biotechnology
Insulin receptor ( IR ) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF 1R) are highly conserved receptor tyrosine kinases that share signalling proteins and are ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Central application of insulin or IGF 1 exerts several similar physiological outcomes, varying in strength, whereas disruption of the corresponding receptors in the brain leads to remarkably different effects on brain size and physiology, thus highlighting the unique effects of the corresponding hormone receptors. Central insulin/ IGF 1 resistance impacts upon various levels of the IR / IGF 1R signalling pathways and is a feature of the metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The intricacy of brain insulin and IGF 1 signalling represents a challenge for the identification of specific IR and IGF 1R signalling differences in pathophysiological conditions. The present perspective sheds light on signalling differences and methodologies for specifically deciphering brain IR and IGF 1R signalling.