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Validity of the Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale for institutionalised cognitively impaired Dutch adults
Author(s) -
Boerlage A. A.,
Sneep L.,
Rosmalen J.,
Dijk M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of intellectual disability research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.941
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1365-2788
pISSN - 0964-2633
DOI - 10.1111/jir.12843
Subject(s) - pain assessment , psychology , observational study , population , rating scale , inter rater reliability , psychometrics , pain scale , confidence interval , chronic pain , physical therapy , physical medicine and rehabilitation , psychiatry , audiology , clinical psychology , medicine , developmental psychology , environmental health , pain management
Background The Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS) has not yet been validated for institutionalised cognitively impaired adults. To fill this gap of knowledge, we tested psychometric properties of the REPOS when used for pain assessment in this population. Methods In this multicentre observational study, residents were filmed during a possibly painful moment and at rest. Healthcare professionals were asked to rate residents' pain by means of a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)‐proxy. Two researchers assessed pain with the REPOS and the Chronic Pain Scale for Non Verbal Adults with Intellectual Disabilities (CPS‐NAID) from video‐recordings. Results In total, 168 observations from 84 residents were assessed. Inter‐observer reliability between the two researchers was good, with Cohen's kappa 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 0.79]. Correlation between the REPOS and CPS‐NAID for a possibly painful moment was 0.73 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.79). Sensitivity (85%) and specificity (61%) for the detection of pain were calculated with REPOS ≥ 3 and NRS ≥ 4 as a reference value. Item response theory analysis shows that the item grimace displayed perfect discrimination between residents with and without pain. Conclusion The REPOS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess pain in cognitively impaired individuals.