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Light and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3 (FHY3) and FAR‐RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling  HEMB1  expression in  Arabidopsis thaliana . In this study, we reveal that FHY3 and FAR1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. We showed that the  fhy3 far1  double null mutant displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid (SA) and increased resistance to  Pseudomonas syringae  pathogen infection. Microarray analysis revealed that a large proportion of pathogen‐related genes, particularly genes encoding nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain resistant proteins, are highly induced in  fhy3 far1 . Genetic studies indicated that the defects of  fhy3 far1  can be largely rescued by reducing SA signaling or blocking SA accumulation, and by overexpression of  HEMB1 , which encodes a 5‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we found that transgenic plants with reduced expression of  HEMB1  exhibit a phenotype similar to  fhy3 far1 . Taken together, this study demonstrates an important role of FHY3 and FAR1 in regulating plant immunity, through integrating chlorophyll biosynthesis and the SA signaling pathway.

A pair of light signaling factors FHY3 and FAR1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis